Facebook-Data-Preprocessing&EDA (Unemployment)¶
by Allen Huang
In [1]:
import re
import string
import nltk
import random
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import networkx as nx
import plotly.express as px
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.image as mpimg
from gensim.models import word2vec
from textblob import TextBlob
from sklearn.manifold import TSNE
from datetime import datetime
from textblob.sentiments import NaiveBayesAnalyzer
from tqdm._tqdm_notebook import tqdm_notebook
from pandarallel import pandarallel
from sklearn.feature_extraction.text import (
CountVectorizer,
TfidfTransformer,
TfidfVectorizer,)
from wordcloud import WordCloud, ImageColorGenerator,STOPWORDS
pandarallel.initialize(progress_bar=True,nb_workers=3)
tqdm_notebook.pandas()
pd.options.mode.chained_assignment = None
pd.set_option('max_colwidth',500)
pd.set_option('display.max_rows', None)
pd.set_option('display.max_columns', None)
for resource in 'stopwords', 'punkt', 'wordnet','movie_reviews':
nltk.download(resource)
Load data¶
In [2]:
def open_file(PATH):
with open(PATH, "r") as r:
# read and remove unicode
content = re.sub(r'\\\w[0|2]0\w{2}\w?', '', r.read()).replace(",","").replace('"','')
content = re.sub(r'\\u[d|0|2|f|3|c|b]\w{3}', '', content).split("\\n")
# # remove empty string
while '' in content:
content.remove("")
return content
content = open_file("original_dataset/Facebook_Unemployment_Content.json")
In [3]:
del content[:2]
Some underlying rules in our data:
Example¶
'You can update your address on your phone tablet or computer! Submit your change of address from home in minutes at https://moversguide.usps.com/mgo/disclaimer Kelly Curry-Sugarman'
'Why do you lose so many packages this time of year? 3 years in a row not COVID related.. I spent a week of vacation on the phone first week in July the year before last and I had packages missing last June too. I a power seller on EBAY this doesn happen at Christmas Why June and July? Why do you not train people that fill in for vacations to scan packages? It the 25th I have yet ANOTHER lost package and angry customer!!!! Package has not been scanned since June 14th!! Why? UPDATE: Since I POSTED This ANOTHER PACKAGE NOT MOVING FOR 5 days...'
Example¶
'James Jacobs replied 1 reply Blane Harry', "Why doesn't my mail man pick up my mail. He hasn't picked my mail for 4 days. And they are Important bills that have to be paid. Lakeview Apartments Galeville New York. Just outside of the town is Liverpool New York.", '2 Like React Reply More Jun 25 at 6:50 PM'
Example¶
"4 Like React Reply More Jun 26 at 7:34 AM La'Keisha D Watson", "I haven't received my mail in a week and the local office keeps giving me the runaround. I sent emails with no result. I am disabled and it's hard for me to get to the local office. How can this be resolved??????? I also sent a pm to this page", '3 Like React Reply More Jun 25 at 6:28 PM',
Example¶
5 replies Tina Stillions-McAferty Thank you postal workers for all you do. Stay safe 12 Like React Reply More Apr 27
In [4]:
# show a random piece
random_int = random.randint(0,len(content)-11)
content[random_int:random_int+20]
Out[4]:
Feature Extraction¶
In [5]:
text = []
like = []
date = []
reply_to = []
text = []
name = []
def is_break_point(astring:str):
if 'React' in astring:
return True
if len(re.findall(r"replied\s+\d+\s+repl\w*",astring)) != 0:
return True
if len(re.findall(r"\d*\s+repl\w*",astring)) != 0:
return True
else:
return False
def find_like(astring:str):
like = re.findall(r"\d+\.?\d*",astring[:20])
if len(like) == 0:
return 0
else:
return like[0]
def find_name(astring:str):
pattern = re.compile(r"[A-Z]\w*\s[A-Z]?['|.]?[A-Z]+\w*")
matches = pattern.findall(astring)
if len(matches) == 0:
return False
else:
return matches[0]
def find_name_by_time(astring:str):
name = ""
# when we have specific time
if 'AM' in astring or 'PM' in astring:
for i in range(len(astring)):
if astring[i] == 'M' and astring[i-1] in ["A","P"]:
name = astring[i+1:].strip()
elif 'ago' in astring:
for i in range(len(astring)):
if astring[i:i+3] == 'ago':
name = astring[i+4:].strip()
else:
pattern = re.compile(r"\w{3} \d+")
matches = pattern.findall(astring)
index = astring.index(matches[0])
name = astring[index+len(matches[0]):].strip()
if len(name) > 50:
name = find_name_by_view_post(name)
return name
def find_name_by_view_post(astring:str):
for i in range(len(astring)):
if astring[i:i+9] == 'View post':
return astring[i+10:].strip()
def find_name_by_replies(astring:str):
name = ""
for i in range(len(astring)):
if 'View post' in astring:
return find_name_by_view_post(astring)
if astring[i:i+5] == 'reply':
name = astring[i+6:].strip()
if astring[i:i+7] == 'replies':
name = astring[i+8:].strip()
if len(name) > 0:
return name
else:
return find_name(astring)
def find_date(astring:str):
pattern = re.compile(r"\w{3} \d+")
matches = pattern.findall(astring)
if len(matches) == 0:
return None
else:
return matches[0]
# the first name is in the post description
name.append('Kelly Curry-Sugarman')
for i in range(len(content)):
# reach the break point
if 'React' in content[i]:
date.append(find_date(content[i]))
like.append(find_like(content[i]))
current = i-1
long_text = ""
# combine one's comments at the same time
while not is_break_point(content[current]):
long_text += content[current] + ' '
current -= 1
text.append(long_text)
# extract reply_to information
if find_name(long_text[:40]):
if long_text.split(" ")[1] == 'I':
reply_to.append("")
else:
reply_to.append(find_name(long_text[:40]))
else:
reply_to.append("")
if 'React' in content[current]:
try:
name.append(find_name_by_time(content[current]))
except Exception:
name.append("")
if len(re.findall(r"replied\s+\d+\s+repl\w*",content[current])) != 0:
name.append(find_name_by_replies(content[current]))
elif len(re.findall(r"\d*\s+repl\w*",content[current])) != 0:
name.append(find_name_by_replies(content[current]))
del name[1]
df = pd.DataFrame({"name":name,"text":text,"date":date,"like":like,"reply_to":reply_to})
In [6]:
drop_index = list(df.query("name == '' or name == False or name == None").index)
drop_index.extend(list(df.query("text == ''").index))
In [7]:
df.drop(set(drop_index),inplace=True)
df.dropna(subset=['name'],inplace=True)
df.reset_index(drop=True,inplace=True)
In [8]:
df.head(20)
Out[8]:
Feature Engineering¶
Remove duplicate comments¶
In [9]:
# remove duplicate comments
print(f"Number of comments before removing duplication: {len(df)}")
df.drop_duplicates(inplace=True)
print(f"Number of comments after removing duplication: {len(df)}")
df.reset_index(drop=True,inplace=True)
Time series data¶
In [10]:
# deal with time data
date_index = df[df.date.notnull().values==True].index
df.date = df.iloc[date_index].date.apply(lambda x: datetime.strptime(f'{x} 2020', '%b %d %Y'))
In [11]:
df['day'] = df.date.dt.day
df['month'] = df.date.dt.month
df['dayofweek'] = df.date.dt.dayofweek
df.head()
Out[11]:
Reply to relationship¶
In [12]:
while False in name:
name.remove(False)
while None in name:
name.remove(None)
In [13]:
# create a dictionary to store full name
name_dict = {}
for part_name in tqdm_notebook(df.reply_to):
for full_name in set(name):
if (part_name in full_name) & (len(part_name) > 0):
if part_name not in name_dict.keys():
name_dict[part_name] = full_name
In [14]:
df['reply_to'].replace(name_dict, inplace=True)
In [15]:
# check if all of the names in reply_to match the exact name
unmatched_name = []
for part_name in tqdm_notebook(df.reply_to):
if (part_name not in name) & (len(part_name) > 0):
unmatched_name.append(part_name)
unmatched_name[:20]
Out[15]:
In [16]:
unmatched_index = df.query(f"reply_to in {unmatched_name}").index
df.loc[unmatched_index,'reply_to'] = ''
Tokenization & Lemmatization¶
In [17]:
def preprocessing(line: str):
transtbl = str.maketrans(string.punctuation, ' ' * len(string.punctuation))
lemmatizer = nltk.WordNetLemmatizer()
stopwords = nltk.corpus.stopwords.words('english')
line = line.replace('<br />', '').translate(transtbl)
tokens = [lemmatizer.lemmatize(t.lower(),'v')
for t in nltk.word_tokenize(line)
if t.lower() not in stopwords]
return ' '.join(tokens)
In [18]:
df['text_prep'] = df['text'].parallel_apply(preprocessing)
Explantory Data Analysis¶
Word Cloud¶
In [47]:
def plot_word_cloud(df, feature_name):
# back_coloring = mpimg.imread(back_coloring)
str_Cloud = " ".join(df[feature_name])
wc = WordCloud(# font_path='simsun.ttf',
background_color="black",
width=600,height=300,
min_font_size=10,
stopwords=STOPWORDS,
max_words=5000,
# mask=back_coloring,
max_font_size=120,
random_state=42,
collocations=False,
colormap = 'cool').generate(str_Cloud)
# image_colors = ImageColorGenerator(back_coloring)
plt.figure(figsize=(60,30))
plt.imshow(wc)
plt.axis("off")
# plt.savefig("word_cloud.jpeg")
plt.show()
In [48]:
plot_word_cloud(df,'text_prep')
Most Commen Words¶
In [49]:
name_lower = []
for i in set(name):
name_lower.append(i.lower())
In [50]:
def plot_most_common_words(df, column, threshold, n):
vec = CountVectorizer(ngram_range=(n,n), max_features=2000).fit(df[column])
bag_of_words = vec.transform(df[column])
sum_words = bag_of_words.sum(axis=0)
words_freq = [(word, sum_words[0, idx]) for word, idx in
vec.vocabulary_.items()]
words_freq =sorted(words_freq, key = lambda x: x[1],
reverse=True)
for i in words_freq:
if i[0] in name_lower:
words_freq.remove(i)
x = [i[0] for i in words_freq[:threshold]]
y = [i[1] for i in words_freq[:threshold]]
most_common = pd.DataFrame({"word":x,"count":y})
fig = px.bar(most_common, x="word", y='count',
color='count', height=400)
fig.update_layout(title_text=f'Most Common Words ({n}-grams)',title_x=0.5)
fig.show()
In [51]:
for i in [1,2]:
plot_most_common_words(df,'text_prep',10,i)
Most Active Replier¶
In [52]:
threshold = 10
df_top_active = df.groupby("name").count().sort_values(by='text',ascending=False)[:threshold].reset_index()
fig = px.bar(df_top_active, x="name", y='text',
color='text', height=400,
labels={'text':'count','name':'replier'})
fig.update_layout(title_text='Most Active Replier',title_x=0.5)
fig.show()
Time series plot¶
In [53]:
df_time_series = df[df.date.notnull()]
In [54]:
df_time_series.isnull().sum()
Out[54]:
In [55]:
df_time_series['month'] = df_time_series['month'].apply(lambda x: int(x))
df_time_series['day'] = df_time_series['day'].apply(lambda x: int(x))
df_time_series['dayofweek'] = df_time_series['dayofweek'].apply(lambda x: int(x))
In [56]:
df_time_series.drop(df_time_series.query("month == 12").index, inplace=True)
In [57]:
data_by_month = df_time_series.groupby("month").count().reset_index()
In [58]:
fig = px.bar(data_by_month, x="month", y="name",
color="name", text='name',
labels={"month":"month","name":"cont"})
fig.update_traces(texttemplate='%{text:.2s}', textposition='outside')
fig.update_layout(uniformtext_minsize=8, uniformtext_mode='hide')
fig.update_layout(title_text='Total Comments (by month)', title_x=0.5)
fig.show()
In [59]:
data_by_dayofweek = df_time_series.groupby("dayofweek").count().reset_index()
fig = px.bar(data_by_dayofweek, x="dayofweek", y="name",
color="name", text='name',
labels={"dayofweek":"dayofweek","name":"count"})
fig.update_traces(texttemplate='%{text:.2s}', textposition='outside')
fig.update_layout(uniformtext_minsize=8, uniformtext_mode='hide')
fig.update_layout(title_text='Total Comments (by day of week)', title_x=0.5)
fig.show()
In [60]:
data_by_date = df_time_series.groupby(["date"]).count().reset_index()
fig = px.line(data_by_date, x='date', y='name',
labels={"name":"count"})
fig.update_xaxes(rangeslider_visible=True, rangeselector=dict(
buttons=list([
dict(count=1, label="1m", step="month", stepmode="backward"),
dict(count=6, label="6m", step="month", stepmode="backward"),
dict(count=1, label="YTD", step="year", stepmode="todate"),
dict(count=1, label="1y", step="year", stepmode="backward"),
dict(step="all")
])
))
fig.update_layout(uniformtext_minsize=8, uniformtext_mode='hide')
fig.update_layout(title_text='Total Comments (by date)', title_x=0.5)
fig.show()
Polarization¶
Sentiment Classification¶
In [61]:
df['polarity'] = df['text_prep'].parallel_apply(lambda x: round(TextBlob(x).polarity,3))
In [62]:
df['subjectivity'] = df['text_prep'].parallel_apply(lambda x: round(TextBlob(x).subjectivity,3))
In [63]:
df.polarity.describe()
Out[63]:
In [64]:
df.subjectivity.describe()
Out[64]:
In [65]:
# labeling subjectivity
def subjectivity_labeling(df,threshold=0.5):
if threshold == 0.5:
df.loc[df.subjectivity > 0.5,"subjectivity_label"] = 'subjective'
df.loc[df.subjectivity < 0.5,"subjectivity_label"] = 'objective'
df.loc[df.subjectivity == 0.5,"subjectivity_label"] = 'natural'
else:
df.loc[df.subjectivity >= threshold,"subjectivity_label"] = 'subjective'
df.loc[df.subjectivity <= (1-threshold),"subjectivity_label"] = 'objective'
df.loc[df.subjectivity < 0.5 and df.subjectivity > (1-threshold),"subjectivity_label"] = 'natural'
return df
def polarity_labeling(df,threshold=0):
if threshold == 0:
df.loc[df.polarity > 0,"polarity_label"] = 'positive'
df.loc[df.polarity < 0,"polarity_label"] = 'negative'
df.loc[df.polarity == 0,"polarity_label"] = 'natural'
else:
df.loc[df.polarity >= threshold,"polarity_label"] = 'positive'
df.loc[df.polarity <= (-threshold),"polarity_label"] = 'negative'
df.loc[df.polarity < 0 and df.subjectivity > (-threshold),"polarity_label_label"] = 'natural'
return df
In [66]:
df = subjectivity_labeling(df)
df = polarity_labeling(df)
In [67]:
df.sample(3)
Out[67]:
In [70]:
# save the dataset with sentiment if needed
if True:
df.to_csv("preprocessed_dataset/Facebook_preprocessed_Unemployment.csv")
Sentiment Overview¶
In [71]:
fig =px.sunburst(
df.groupby(["polarity_label",'subjectivity_label']).count().name.reset_index(),
path=['polarity_label', 'subjectivity_label'],
values='name',color='name',
color_continuous_scale='RdBu')
fig.update_layout(title_text='Sentiment Distribution', title_x=0.5)
fig.show()
In [72]:
def plot_people_sentiment(df, polarity_threshold=0,subjectivity_thresould=0.5):
df = df[(df.polarity > polarity_threshold) | (df.polarity < (-polarity_threshold))]
df = df[(df.subjectivity > subjectivity_thresould) | (df.subjectivity < (1-subjectivity_thresould))]
df.like = df.like.apply(lambda x: round(int(x),2))
fig = px.scatter(df.reset_index(), hover_name="name",
x="polarity", y="subjectivity", size="like", color="polarity",
log_x=False, size_max=60, labels={'text':'count','name':'replier'})
fig.update_layout(title_text='Sentiment Overview',title_x=0.5)
fig.show()
plot_people_sentiment(df)
In [73]:
def plot_subjectivity(df, subjectivity_threshold = 0.5, log_y=False):
df = df[(df.subjectivity > subjectivity_threshold) | (df.subjectivity < (1-subjectivity_threshold))]
fig = px.histogram(df, x="subjectivity", marginal="box",
opacity=0.8, log_y=log_y,
color_discrete_sequence=['indianred'])
fig.update_layout(title_text='Subjectivity Distribution',title_x=0.5)
fig.show()
plot_subjectivity(df,log_y=True)
In [74]:
def plot_polarity(df, polarity_threshold = 0):
df = df[(df.polarity > polarity_threshold) | (df.polarity < (-polarity_threshold))]
fig = px.histogram(df, x="polarity", marginal="box",
opacity=0.8)
fig.update_layout(title_text='Polarity Distribution',title_x=0.5)
fig.show()
plot_polarity(df,0)
Positive/Negative Comments Word Cloud¶
In [75]:
plot_word_cloud(df.query("polarity_label == 'positive'"),'text_prep')
In [76]:
plot_word_cloud(df.query("polarity_label == 'negative'"),'text_prep')
Positive/Negative Most Common Words¶
In [77]:
def plot_senti_most_common_words(dataset, column, sentiment,
threshold=0, topwords=10, n=1):
if sentiment == 'positive':
df = dataset.query(f"polarity_label == '{sentiment}' and polarity >= {threshold}")
if sentiment == 'negative':
df = dataset.query(f"polarity_label == '{sentiment}' and polarity <= (-{threshold})")
vec = CountVectorizer(ngram_range=(n,n), max_features=2000).fit(df[column])
bag_of_words = vec.transform(df[column])
sum_words = bag_of_words.sum(axis=0)
words_freq = [(word, sum_words[0, idx]) for word, idx in
vec.vocabulary_.items()]
words_freq =sorted(words_freq, key = lambda x: x[1],
reverse=True)
for i in words_freq:
if i[0] in name_lower:
words_freq.remove(i)
x = [i[0] for i in words_freq[:topwords]]
y = [i[1] for i in words_freq[:topwords]]
most_common = pd.DataFrame({"word":x,"count":y})
fig = px.bar(most_common, x="word", y='count',
color='count', height=400)
fig.update_layout(title_text=f'Most Common Words ({sentiment},{n}-grams)',title_x=0.5)
fig.show()
In [78]:
plot_senti_most_common_words(df, 'text_prep','negative',0.2,n=2)
In [79]:
plot_senti_most_common_words(df,'text_prep','positive',0.2,n=2)
Positive/Negative Most Active Replier¶
In [80]:
def most_active_plot(dataset,threshold=10,sentiment='positive'):
df_senti_active_replier = dataset.query(f"polarity_label == '{sentiment}'").groupby("name").count().sort_values(by='text',ascending=False)[:threshold].reset_index()
fig = px.bar(df_senti_active_replier, x="name", y='text',
color='text', height=400,
labels={'text':'count','name':'replier'})
fig.update_layout(title_text=f'Most Active Replier ({sentiment})',title_x=0.5)
fig.show()
most_active_plot(df)
In [81]:
most_active_plot(df, sentiment='negative')
Time series plot based on polarization/subjectivity¶
In [82]:
fig = px.histogram(df.loc[df.query("month != 12").index], x="date",
color='polarity_label',
marginal="rug",
opacity=0.8)
fig.show()
In [83]:
fig = px.histogram(df.loc[df.query("month != 12").index], x="date",
color='subjectivity_label',
marginal="rug",
opacity=0.8)
fig.show()
Social Network Visualization¶
In [84]:
# create name pair
name_pair = []
for i in tqdm_notebook(range(len(df))):
if len(df.loc[i,'reply_to']) > 0:
name_pair.append([df.loc[i,'name'],df.loc[i,'reply_to']])
In [85]:
df_network = pd.DataFrame(name_pair)
df_network.columns = ['replier','reply_to']
df_network.head(10)
Out[85]:
In [86]:
df_network.to_csv("output/graph_dataframe_Unemployment.csv")
In [87]:
G = nx.Graph()
G.add_nodes_from(df_network.replier)
G.add_nodes_from(df_network.reply_to)
G.add_edges_from(df_network.values)
print(nx.info(G))
In [89]:
plt.figure(figsize=(20,15))
pos = nx.spring_layout(G)
nx.draw(G,pos,with_labels=True, node_color='r', edge_color='b', node_size=10,
width=0.2,font_size=5, font_family='sans-serif')
plt.axis('off')
plt.show()
